Note: Ottoman territories are crosshatched and contested areas are shaded. Turkic regimes and the Byzantine empire, c. Campaigns and overland transportation of the Mongol imperial era, 1229–1259. Chinggis-era campaigns in relation to the overland trade routes. Major political orders at the beginning of Chinggis’s long-distance campaigns, c. Major political orders of the Seljuk–Song era, c. Major political orders of the Abbasid–Tang era, c. Major overland trade roads of the Toluid period, c. Major west and east extensions of the trade tracks and major cities of Eurasia, c.
Nomadic tracks through the Pamirs and Hindu Kush marked an early trade network linking the cities of Taxila and Peshawar and part of Transoxiana during and after decline of the Harappan networks of the Indus River valley, third and second millennia BCE. Part IV: The Forge 9 Dissidence and Doubt 10 Intimations of Nationality 11 Ruling in Place Part III: The Age of Far Conquest 6 The Predatory Enterprise 7 The Empires of the Toluids 8 Return of the Turks Part II: Steppe Power in Settled Medieval Eurasia 3 The Turkic Tide 4 Belief and Blood 5 Sultans and Civilization Part I: The Integrity of Eurasia 1 The Lost Continent 2 Light-Mindedness TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.įor Gene Garthwaite, who has encouraged the several forms this manuscript has taken over thirty years C76 2019 (print) | DDC 950/.2-dc23 LC record available at Classification: LCC DS33.5 (ebook) | LCC DS33.5. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Eurasia-History-To 1500. Description: Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, | Includes bibliographical references and index. Title: Hammer and anvil : nomad rulers at the forge of the modern world / Pamela Crossley. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Crossley, Pamela Kyle, author. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom Copyright © 2019 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. Published by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. W.658, folio 23b, and is used here with permission of the Museum.
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It has been contributed by the Walters Art Museum to Creative Commons under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CCBY-SA 3.0). 1554 and dedicted to Suleiman the Magnificent). The cover image has been adapted from the digitized Kitab-i bahriye (attributed to Piri Reis, c. Hammer and Anvil Nomad Rulers at the Forge of the Modern World Pamela Kyle Crossley Part II: Steppe Power in Settled Medieval Eurasia
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